Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts computer files. The decryption key is often only released after the ransom has been paid by the victim. In the decades since, the use of ransomware has increased dramatically, especially since ; one reason for this is the popularization of Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency that allows for perfect anonymity.
So far, ransomware has affected mostly Windows-type systems and servers. Because Windows machines run on discretionary access control, all that one has to do to become infected with ransomware on such computers is to click on a malware link. An article from Norton talks about the myriad types of Trojan horse software, including ransomware. Mainframes today do not actually run-on discretionary access control; rather, they run on a mezzanine level of control called role-based access control.
This level of control is based on the groups to which an id is connected. For example, a payroll id would only be connected to payroll access groups. Role-based access control is a level of control between discretionary and mandatory.
Ransomware has been in the news lately, no doubt because of the Colonial Pipeline June and Atlanta City March hackings; these events spawned a whole series of articles about the potential for ransomware to infect mainframes. Most of these articles are just rhetoric and are generally not written by experts. Infecting a mainframe with ransomware is a difficult operation, requiring a multi-step process.
First you must obtain or create a privileged account. The next step will involve downloading the public key for encryption; the final step will be running a batch job that will use that public key to encrypt data. However, two frightening resources have come to light. The first is an article by Ray Overby, a mainframe security specialist, about a hack on Nordea , a Swedish Bank. Human Resources, Financial and Supply chain software. Can run on different platforms. No charge IBM product.
Support ended Originally a separate product. RACF administration and audit tool. Tool to manage relationships between RACF users and groups. Rational ClearCase. Multi-platform software to store, secure and manage source code. Resource Management Facility, IBM software product that measures and reports on the performance and availability of a system. A three-tier system separating database, applications and presentation - each can reside on different systems. Includes: accounts receivable account payable accounting and financial reporting HR and payroll manufacturing procurement and logistics SAS.
Programming language for report generation and statistical data analysis. SAS Fraud Management. Developed in collaboration with HSBC bank in ISPF based source control software, Software to maintain change control of source code and applications.
SDF II. Open multiple VTAM applications from one session. Product to manage installed software components and service. No-charge software provided with MVS. Also allows CICS and batch applications to access other web services.
Application performance monitor by Compuware. Provides detailed statistics during an actual run of a module. Syncsort MFX.
Developed in , Syncsort at the time outperformed all other mainframe software. Very efficient sorting software that can be called from a program or batch job. Hierarchical database management system developed by Cincom in the late s. Regarded as the first commercial database management system not bundled with hardware or proprietary software.
Tata BaNCS. Transparent Data Migration Facility, Software based solution to move data between storage systems at the volume level without outages. Applications can continue to access data while it is being moved. Supports mainframe and non-mainframe systems. Tivoli Monitoring.
Tivoli Monitoring is included with products using its services. Eclipse based GUI tool to discover, visualize and manage both mainframe and non-mainframe data. Released by Compuware in High performance transaction oriented mainframe operating system often used by airline and hotel reservation systems.
Application performance monitor. Monitor is run over a period against an actual run of a module. CICS based credit card transaction processing system. VS Pascal. VS Cobol Interpreter. First announced Messaging middleware, or message oriented middleware MOM.
Supports asynchronous message transmission for tasks within one system, across systems, and across platforms. Performs messaging functions including translation, addressing, encryption, message integrity and guarantee of delivery. Removes the need for applications to perform these services. Renamed to Websphere MQ in Websphere Application Server. J2EE and web hosting solution.
Create web portals: centralized access points for web content and applications, tailored to individual users. Originally released as a separate product. Application analysis and debugging tool by Compuware. Test applications with different system dates and times without altering the system date or time.
Simulates specific dates and times such as month-end and Year Utility to test and debug batch applications. IBMs flagship mainframe operating system. Eventually became MVS in System z mainframe operating system usually used for smaller-scale mainframe environments. Port of the Linux operating system running on System z mainframes. Compress and encrypt datasets. Next Article: Mainframe Terminology. ACI Acquirer Multi-currency merchant management system. ACI Interchange Central monetary transaction manager.
BASEeps Payment engine used to acquire, authenticate, route, switch and authorize financial transactions. BookManager Create and view softcopy books online. CA Accuchek Dataset comparison utility. CA-1 Tape Library Management, market leader in the management, control and protection of tape data sets and volumes. CA-8 Mainframe based software designed to assist in asset, problem and change management. CA Allocate Manages disk dataset allocation. CA Easytrieve Programming language designed to produce reports.
CA Jobtrac Automated batch scheduling product. CA Librarian Software to maintain control of source code, JCL, documentation libraries and other source-related resources. CA Panvalet L eading product in the area of library management, Software to maintain control of source code, JCL, documentation libraries and other source-related resources. CA Sort High performance sorting software.
Control-D Automatically archive output and reports. Control-M Automated job scheduling software. Control-V Facility to collect, archive, manage and view reports. Classic Suite Mainframe based accounting software.
DB2 IBM's premier relational database management system. DumpMaster Detects program abends and produces output to ease the job of problem determination. GDDM Software products to display graphics on mainframe terminals.
Hiperstation Automated application testing software. IMPACT Reports on the impact of application program changes, including associated programs, copy members and screen maps.
InSync Browse and edit different files and databases. Life Cycle Manager Software to maintain control of source code, JCL, documentation libraries and other source-related resources. Rational ClearCase Multi-platform software to store, secure and manage source code. SMP4 Product to manage installed software components and service. Topaz Eclipse based GUI tool to discover, visualize and manage both mainframe and non-mainframe data. TriTune Application performance monitor. Xpediter Application analysis and debugging tool by Compuware.
Cobol programs, copybooks, JCL etc. Each member in the PDS is preceded by a banner containing the member's name among other information and is concatenated with other elements in text format. Since AIP Console 1. If there are several types of members they must be delivered through multiple dump files and if several banner prefixes are used for the same type of members, then the source code delivery must also be done through multiple dump files.
This will ensure that AIP Console is able to recognise PDS dump files provided in the source code configured as follows: with the extension. See How do I add a source code package to my delivery.
When creating packages to discover and extract your Mainframe application you should create them as listed below. If there are several types of members they must be delivered through multiple dump files and if several banner prefixes are used for the same type of members, then the source code delivery must be done through multiple dump files. See How do I fine-tune my Version for more information. See How do I deliver the Version for analysis for more information. See V alidate and Accept the Delivery for more information.
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